PSG has now claimed the prestigious cup on 14 separate occasions.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the match between the French league champions and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger found the net early on.
Yet, Marseille fired twice late to seize a surprise lead. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial leveler in the dying seconds to send the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for PSG to complete a 4-1 shootout win.
The record winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the past 13 seasons.
